Dari Kalam ke Kesadaran Eksistensial: Rekonstruksi Teologi Islam Transformatif sebagai Sintesis Tauhid dan Aktualisasi Diri
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Abstract
Artikel ini berangkat dari krisis teologi Islam kontemporer yang ditandai oleh dominasi pendekatan normatif-doktrinal yang kurang responsif terhadap problem eksistensial manusia modern, seperti kecemasan makna, alienasi spiritual, dan disorientasi identitas. Sejumlah studi menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan penelitian research gap berupa minimnya integrasi antara teologi Islam dan pendekatan psikologi humanistik-eksistensial, khususnya dalam menjelaskan fungsi transformasional agama dalam kehidupan manusia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkritik disjungsi epistemologis dalam tradisi teologi Islam sekaligus merekonstruksi kerangka teologi transformatif yang lebih kontekstual. Pendekatan teoretis yang digunakan adalah psikologi humanistik-eksistensial Abraham Maslow, terutama konsep hierarki kebutuhan, aktualisasi diri, dan transendensi, yang dipadukan dengan konsep-konsep kunci dalam teologi dan tasawuf Islam seperti fitrah, tazkiyat al-nafs, dan insan kamil. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif berbasis studi kepustakaan dengan analisis kritis-interpretatif terhadap literatur klasik dan kontemporer. Argumen utama artikel ini adalah bahwa teologi Islam perlu direkonstruksi dari paradigma normatif menuju paradigma eksistensial-transformatif yang menempatkan pengalaman manusia sebagai locus refleksi teologis. Kontribusi ilmiah penelitian ini terletak pada pengembangan model teologi Islam transformatif berbasis integrasi wahyu, rasio, dan pengalaman eksistensial, yang tidak hanya memperkaya diskursus teologis tetapi juga menawarkan relevansi praktis dalam menjawab krisis makna manusia modern.
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